Canadian law and politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Canadian law and politics - Essay Example The position of criminal law authority reversed the earlier decision in the case of Industrial Acceptance Corp. v. The Queen [1953] 2 S.C.R. 273, in which the court had agreed that the Narcotic Control Act was constitutional under criminal power. The proceeding of the case in R. V. Hauser focused on challenging the restrictions to the jurisdiction of federal criminal law. This commentary examines the federal parliamentary legislation and provincial power on criminal laws in Canada and the validity of Narcotic Control Act as discussed in the case of R. V. Hauser. The federal criminal code 1959 empowered the provincial attorneys through provincial court to powers to petition the attorney general or his agent to institute prosecution against the offenders (Roman, 2007). However, the amendment delegated the federal state powers to prosecute offenses under Narcotic Control Act thus causing conflicts concerning the federal and provincial attorneys’ power to prosecute offenders. S.91 (27) defines the federal powers in administration of criminal matters and enforcing criminal law. The constitution does not impose any prohibitions on â€Å"federal for a provincial prosecutor in narcotic offenses† (Laskin, 1980, p 564). In R. V. Hauser, the respondent was accused of being in possession of cannabis resin and cannabis (marijuana) for the purpose of trading contrary to the Narcotic Control Act s. 4(2). The summons signed by the agent of Attorney General of Canada. The respondent moved the prohibitions by challenging the legitimacy of the c onstitution in the definition Attorney General† as stipulated in the in s.2 of the Criminal Code (Roach et al., 2004). The case was terminated in the first hearing, but it gained support under majority decision in the court of appeal in Supreme Court of Alberta. In the appeal issue raised was to challenge the legitimacy of parliament of Canada to make legislations that empower Attorney

Science in the community-Morrisons Essay Example for Free

Science in the community-Morrisons Essay A bit about Morrisions Morrisons is the UK’s fourth largest food retailer with over over 450 stores. The products sold are mainly groceries and food a unique point is that they source and process most of the fresh food that they sell though their own manufacturing facilities; in fact they have the most people preparing food in their stores than any other supermarket. The business started in 1899 as market stall by Bradford Morrison and has gradually expanded to be what it is now in 2011. How Morrison’s Contributes to the economy Morrisons does a lot of things which contribute to the economy. One of this is that it creates 124,000 jobs all around the country. It has provided over 1 million training days and provides skills for its workers if they wish to move up they professional ladder as 30% of senior management started on the shop floor. This contributes massively to the economy as it causes a multiplier affect; if people have jobs then they have money to spend on other businesses which benefits these other businesses. The fact that they have money now means they can pay more tax which is also inclusive of businesses who pay more tax if they make more profits. This tax can then be used of critical services such as education and health and the boost in successful business lead to a better economic growth which is something this economy needs right now due to the depression and job cuts. Morrisons are also encouraging healthy, balanced lifestyles by labelling products with nutritional information and giving tips on healthy eating This is important to the economy as healthy eating reduces the chances of health problems in the future which saves our more of our tax money which means the money could be going to something which would be more beneficial to the economy. How Morrisons manages its waste material Morrions actively watches its energy consumption and make sure it promotes efficient energy measures. In regards to waste they monitor chain waste from cradle to death to make sure it meets duty of care responsibilities. Morrisons like to make sure they have a little waste as possible so they have a lot of rules and targets regarding their waste one of them being to produce zero waste direct to landfill from stores by 2013 and another one being to have 10% package reduction on own brand packaging by 2012. They also have their own bags for life to reduce the need of new plastic bags being used which reduces the amount of plastic bags needed to be made. In fact as a result of this 631 million carrier bags have been saved. Use of ICT in data management A lot of ICT is used in Morrisons for all sorts of functions some of them being: Electronic Point of Sale (EPOS) Bar codes Self scanning stores Electronic funds transfer at point of sale Energy management systems Electronic Point of Sale EPOS is a self contained, computerized equipment which undertakes all the task of a store checkout counter. It allows payments by bank and credit cards. It verifies transactions, it can provide sales reports, it coordinates inventory data and performs many other services which were normally provided by employees in the earlier years. Bar Codes A barcode is a series of vertical bars of varying widths, in which each of the digits zero through nine are represented by a different pattern of bars that can be read by a laser scanner. This is found on every product at morrsion and is what the EPOS scans. Self scanning stores Self-scanning checkout, also known as self checkouts is an automated process that enables shoppers to scan, bag, and pay for their purchases without the need for human assistance. Electronic funds transfer at point of scale EFTAPOS allows customers to pay for their shopping using a debit or credit card instead of cash. The money is taken electronically from the customers bank account and paid to the supermarkets account. Energy management systems An energy management system (EMS) is a system which uses computer-aided tools to monitor, control, optimize performance and conserve energy around Morrisons. Technological Development Costs to the retailer Benefits to the retailer EPOS Expensive to set up and maintain Staff need to be trained- costly and time consuming More efficient- more customers can be served whilst customer service is improved because things like more eye contact and friendly can be used Better accuracy with adding up totals Bar Codes Scanners cannot read barcodes which are crumpled sometimes making the work harder. Employees have to be trained on how to work barcodes which takes time More efficient, lots of products can be scanned in little time. Self scanning Stores ICT is prone to issues especially with self checkouts. They can sometimes end up being more time confusion than advertised Reduces the amount of jobs available which is bad for the economy More time efficient for both customers and employees as more can be done in a shorter period of time Gives customers more options which could attract them to Morrison even more EFTPOS Lots of money has to be spent on the security of networks Expensive to set up Customers don’t have to carry lots of money around which would be more prone to being lost Energy Management Systems Expensive to set up and train staff Expensive to maintain Reduces cost for Morrisons as it saves money on energy Better business reputation as people will know Morrisons is being energy effieicnt which could increase overall business Demand on transport and communication systems Morrisons has 455 stores nationwide so deliveries are made all around the UK to these superstores mainly by lorries which travel along all the main motorways such as the A14 and the M11. Lots of key products such as produce are delieved to many different stores everyday so this puts a lot of demand on lorries as the main transport system. Planes and ships are also used for many items brought oversees such as bananas and this too is a regular occurance which put strain on those transport systems. Morrison also has a lot of demand with communication systems as they use all forms of communications including phones, email and letters which it uses for its customers, suppliers and shareholders. This is because things like shopping can now be done online, or through the phone so there is no need to always go to a store. Shareholders can also be far off making it hard to communicate face to face which is which there is such demand with phones and letters. Effects on the community and the environment The main effect Morrisons has had on the economy and the effect they pry themselves one is their encouragement of healthy fresh foods. They promote at 50 fresh foods every week as well as labelling nutritional information and giving information on healthy eating. This has helped to make the community a lot more healthy which leads to less health problems. Every year they also support a national charity, this year they are supporting Help the Hospices and they managed to raise  £3.1 million. The chief executive said â€Å"The partnership with Morrisons has been a huge success and we are absolutely delighted to have raised over  £1.3 million for hospice care. This is a fantastic achievement and is testament to the dedication of Morrisons colleagues, who have really taken the hospice cause to their hearts.† Morrisons has also affected the wider community by linking up with one foundation and stocking its products of which 100% of profits go towards building vegetable gardens, sanitation blocks and water pumps in places like Africa and Asia. Morrisons are very concerned about the environment so to a lot of things to minimise their effect on it. They try to minimise their emissions and carbon footprints and they also recycle as much as they can encouraging their customers to do so also. They are the first supermarket to be awarded the carbon trust standard. Bibliography Date Website Used for 18.11.11 http://www.morrisons.co.uk/Corporate-Old2/Corporate-Social-Responsibility/Environment/Preventing-waste/ How Morrison’s prevent waste 18.11.11 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/electronic-point-of-sale-EPOS.html Definition for EPOS 21.11.11 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_management_system Definition of energy management system 22.11.11 http://www.morrisons.co.uk/Corporate/Corporate-responsibility-2011/Society/Good-neighbours/Supporting-the-local-community/ How morrisons supports the community Having finished it yet high but ill finish it by the weekend and reupload it in a workshop lesson if that’s ok.

Role of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in Managing and Motivating Employee

Role of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in Managing and Motivating Employees The following paper deals with the American psychologist Abraham Maslow, born in New York, who stated that every human being has 5 differently categorised needs that need to be fulfilled in order to provide healthy and happy living. In daily work managers need to respect and follow these needs so that employees will work most efficiently and effectively. Following these needs and trying to execute them is the best instruction for managers to motivate and provide successful working conditions. This paper will introduce you to the hierarchy of needs and will illustrate, by applying examples from day to day business how this concept can be best implemented. The author of this paper claims that managers can help their employees to be more motivated, if they look and work with Maslow's stages. The chief reason for writing this paper is to make clear how easily solutions can be found when it comes to giving incentives at work. First of all there will be a short overview of what motivation actually is, second Abraham Maslow will be presented in a few words and the author will go into details concerning the hierarchy of needs. There are the physiological needs, second there are the safety needs, third the love needs, forth the esteem needs and finally self-actualization. As a conclusion, the author will point out that the thesis, due to the supportive examples, can be claimed to be true. 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Motivation "Motivation is the process of satisfying internal needs through actions and behaviours" When somebody is born it doesn?t mean he or she has motivation skills or the o their way round, it is something that can be improved or developed. "Motivation affects individuals differently, so managers must understand the process, theories, and fundamental components of motivation in order to motivate effectively." If somebody wants to understand motivation, furthermore it is also important to identify differences between people and be careful not to think that everybody has the same preferences." 3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Role of Managers in Motivating Employees Managers have the task to get things very effective and efficient through their employees. Most of the really effective managers get all of their useful information from communicating with people. Managers must have communicatio... ...graphy Books Jerald Greenberg, Robert A. Baron, Behaviour in Organizations, Eight edition, 1995, Page 192 Frunzi, George L. and Patrick E. Savini. Supervision: The Art of Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1997. Catt, Stephen E. and Donald S. Miller. Human Relations: A Contemporary Approach. Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 1989. Heller, Robert. Communicate Clearly. New York: DK Publishing, 1998. Hill, Norman C. Increasing Managerial Effectiveness: Keys to Management and Motivation. Menlo Park, Calif.: Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1979 Hunt, James G. and Richard N. Osborn and John R. Schermerhorn, Jr. Organizational Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2000. Bittel, Lester R. and John W. Newstrom. What Every Supervisor Should Know. St. Louis: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1990. Interviews Mag. Stephanie Rammer. Personal Interview. 2 November 2004 Dr.Nina Eiber.Personal Interview. 19 November.2004 B.A. Manuel Mauritz. Telephon Interview. 15 November 2004 Online Article Attorneys William Petrocelli & Barbara Cate Repa. New York: Unknown, Jan? 99. Web Sites Unkown. Examstutor. People and Organistaions.

The Zipper :: essays research papers

The zipper is a very common fastener used to secure all kinds of things, especially clothing. But the zipper wasn't always around. Before the zipper was invented, buttons were used in fastening clothes, and so were hooks and eyes that had to be fastened manually. When the zipper first came out, it was somewhat of an oddity; it wasn't widely accepted. But slowly, more and more people started noticing its convenient applications, and soon it could be seen everywhere. The zipper started off as a novelty, and because of its convenience, it is now a necessity.The first zipper was invented by Whitcomb Judson. He devised it to do up boots, and got the device patented on August 29, 1893. He called it the "clasp locker". The clasp locker was much bulkier than the zipper we know today. It was a series of two rows of hooks and eyes that could be fastened by a "slider" (which was the most important part of Judson's invention). Another big difference from today's zipper is that after zipping up the fastener, the slider would detach right off the garment. Then to open the clasp locker, the slider would be re-attached at the top of the locked clasps, upside down, and then pulled down.About a year after the patents were issued, a close friend of Whitcomb Judson, named Harry Earle, and a lawyer named Lewis Walker met up with Judson, and they formed the Universal Fastening Company. They weren't very successful. One of the main reasons was that the clasp locker didn't work very well. The fastener frequently jammed, and easily rusted. But in April of 1896, some Post Office Department representatives went to the company and inspected the Judson fastener on a mailbag and pronounced it satisfactory. Twenty mailbags equipped with the fasteners were ordered. That was one of the first orders Universal Fastening Company got, and it wasn't repeated. It's assumed that the mailbags were discarded due to faulty fasteners.While Judson tried to improve his fastener, the company struggled to get customers. But soon they weren't so worried about trying to sell it, and more worried about finding useful applications for it. In early promotion, it was described as a "20th century device". Also "remarkable in its simplicity, rapidity, security, utility". The fastener would be shown applied to skirt plackets, gloves, corsets, boots, shoes, and leggings. A little later in the decade, Judson came up with a new separable fastener, called the C-curity fastener, although its patent wasn't issued until 1905.

Police Subculture Essay

I will be writing my research paper on police subculture and how the affects of police subculture impact the body of the law and how it relates to crime. Police subculture is an array of standard procedures and values that rule law enforcers activates in relation to their contractual responsibilities. Police officers were ranked the fifth most stressful job in the world. Since police work is very stressful, police officers have to deal with many hostile individuals in the public and therefore they need to defined styles to handle these unique scenarios. What I will be talking about in my paper is since police subculture is so different such as their values, and beliefs police share which sets them apart from other members of society. Overall I will be talking about the beliefs of police subculture psychological cause of police subculture, changing police subculture and how police subculture affects our society. Police officers are people the society normally looks up to as epitomes of discipline and protectors of law and order; however police behavior in recent years has been anything but flawless with that being said there is a rise in the resentment and distrust in the public. The public no longer trusts or respects police officers imposing all sorts of changes against them. Police behavior is indeed hateful in some cases especially where minorities or women are concerned. When we dig deeper into the anthropological and psychological cause of this kind of behavior, we notice that police are influenced by a flawed subculture that profound affects the attitude and behavior of most police officers. With that being said this subculture teaches them certain values and beliefs and on the other, it turns the entire police community into a cohesive group meaning causing cohesion that is essentially alienated from the general public. According to Adler, Mueller, and Laufer (1994) police subculture is a â€Å"set of norms and values that govern police behavior, brought about by stressful working conditions plus daily interaction with an often hostile public.† Police subculture is responsible for giving offers a unique working attitude and mindset. Their character and personality is profoundly altered by the vies and values that they learn from existing in this subculture. The one most important thing we notice about this subculture is the idea of insiders and outsiders that lies at the core of all its values. Police officers are constantly reminded of their role as protectors of peace and order which turns them against the general public as they view everyone outside the police department as a potential criminal or suspect. Police subculture is also essentially characterized by violence as researched indicates that, â€Å"Many officers are exposed to a subculture of violence in which they encounter death almost daily. The average citizen generally does not witness in a lifetime the amount of death and violence a police officer experiences in one month.† (violanti,1995) Dr. James Fyfe, a very well known figure in the world of law education and law enforcement indentified some key issues regarding police sudbulture during a police conference in April 1992. He believed that â€Å" characteristics of the police subculture may be responsible for some of the apparent increase in the frequency of police compkaints. He stated that many police officers feel they are soldiers in the war on crime. Fyfe said that this is a war they cannot win, and the realization of this leads to frustration and anger. â€Å"(Eric Jackso,1992) Police officers are severely affected by the values that this subculture promotes and endorses. For instance, police officers are usually alienated from the general society which puts them at a greater risk of being vulnerable to police subculture. This is because they are regularly reminded of the insider/outsider principle meaning giving rise to certain degree of separation from the public. This separation starts expanding with the passage of time until police officers cannot longer relate to the common society this results in deeper association with police subculture, which ultimately shapes their perspective on others. Another reason they cannot relate to the public is because of the accusations that are imposed against them. The public usually treats then with disgust and disrespect, holding them responsible for corruption and plagues police departments and for  general lawlessness in the society. Fr this reason, police officers seeks validation from other police personnel, wh ich makes the inner subculture more effective and powerful. (Christopher Cooper,2000) Violanti(1995) explains: â€Å" The roots of frustration emanate from the central irony of American policing: Society charges police officers with the task of regulation a public that does not want to be regulated. For individual officers, the resulting frustration is exacerbated by a largely unsympathetic press, a lack of community support, and a criminal justice system that values equity over expediency. A sense of societal isolation often ensues, compelling officers to together in a defensive stance.† While this occupational subculture should have been a source of inspiration, it is actually despised by many including some police officers themselves alter they realize how it damaged their vision and personality. Most police officers are racial biased as recent incidents of police brutality indicate. This is because of women and minorities are seen as weaker groups and when they refused to obey police commands, police officers see it as a direct attack on their authority. This attitude has given rise to some serious cause of police brutality against citizens and one such case was that of Thomas Jones of Philadelphia. Commenting on this case, a former U.S Marine and police officer Christopher Cooper (2000) linked these kind of cases to police subculture saying â€Å"Sadly, in our early tenure as cops, we instructed on the â€Å"code† of the police subculture. These are norms that are almost always perverse. Two such norms were operable in the Jones mob attack. The first was if a citizen runs from one of us, we are to beat him severely. Another is that if a citizen physically hurts one of use, we are to hurt that citizen even more before we bring him to the station. And if that citizen has killed a cop, he shouldn’t make it to the station alive.† The marcho-ism that characterizes police culture is also responsible for cases of domestic violence where police officers were charged for hitting their wives and using force to extract obedience. This is indeed a highly disturbing situation, ehich is posing serious threat that happiness of households where one spouse is in the police department. It has been noticed  that when many police officers are domestic abusers even though they may not define their behavior in these terms. Apart from women and minorities, gay men also face serious prejudice especially if they join the police force. Kirschman(1997) writes: As with women, gay men are presumed to lack such manlu attributes as courage, bravery, and loyalty. And like women, when they demonstrate courage and competence, they threaten the notion that only â€Å"manly† men can do police work.

Talking on the Phone in Japanese

Talking on the Phone in Japanese Even when you start to understand a language better, it is still difficult to use when talking on the phone. You cant use gestures, which can be helpful at times. Also, you cant see the other persons facial expressions or reactions to what you are saying. All of your efforts must be spent listening very carefully to what the other person is saying. Talking on the phone in Japanese might actually be harder than in other languages; since there are some formal phrases used specifically for phone conversations. The Japanese normally talk very politely on the phone unless speaking casually with a friend. Lets learn some common expressions used on the phone. Dont be intimidated by phone calls. Practice makes perfect! Phone Calls in Japan Most public phones (koushuu denwa) take coins (at least a 10 yen coin) and telephone cards. Only specially designated pay phones allow international calls (kokusai denwa). All calls are charged by the minute. Telephone cards can be purchased in almost all convenience stores, kiosks at train stations and vending machines. The cards are sold in 500 yen and 1000 yen units. Telephone cards can be customized. Occasionally companies even them as marketing tools. Some cards are very valuable and cost a fortune. Many people collect telephone cards in the same way postage stamps are collected. Telephone Number A telephone number consists of three parts. For example: (03) 2815-1311. The first part is the area code (03 is Tokyos), and the second and last part are the users number. Each number is usually read separately and the parts are linked with the particle, no. To reduce confusion in telephone numbers, 0 is often pronounced as zero, 4 as yon, 7 as nana and 9 as kyuu. This is because 0, 4, 7 and 9 each have two different pronunciations.The number for directory enquiries (bangou annai) is 104. The most essential telephone phrase is, moshi moshi. It is used when you receive a call and pick up the phone. It is also used when one cant hear the other person well, or to confirm if the other person is still on the line. Although some people say, moshi moshi to answer the phone, hai is used more often in business. If the other person speaks too fast, or you couldnt catch what he/she said, say, Yukkuri onegaishimasu (Please speak slowly) or Mou ichido onegaishimasu (Please say it again). Onegaishimasu is a useful phrase to use when making a request. At the Office Business phone conversations are extremely polite. Yamada-san (o) onegaishimasu. Ã¥ ± ±Ã§â€ °Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£â€šâ€™Ã£ Å Ã© ¡ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Could I speak to Mr. Yamada?Moushiwake arimasen ga, tadaima gaishutsu shiteorimasu. ç” ³Ã£ â€"è ¨ ³Ã£ â€šÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£ Å'㠁Ÿã   Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã¥ ¤â€"å‡ ºÃ£ â€"㠁 ¦Ã£ Å Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Im sorry, but hes not here at the moment.Shou shou omachi kudasai. Ã¥ °â€˜Ã£â‚¬â€¦Ã£ Å Ã¥ ¾â€¦Ã£  ¡Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žJust a moment, please.Shitsurei desu ga, dochira sama desu ka. Ã¥ ¤ ±Ã§ ¤ ¼Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ Å'㠁 ©Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£ â€¢Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Whos calling, please?Nanji goro omodori desu ka. ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£ â€Ã£â€š Ã£ Å Ã¦Ë† »Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Do you know what time he/she will be back?Chotto wakarimasen.  Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€¡Ã£  £Ã£  ¨Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œIm not sure.Mousugu modoru to omoimasu. も㠁†ã â„¢Ã£  Ã¦Ë† »Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ¨Ã¦â‚¬ Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢He/she should be back soon.Yuug ata made modorimasen. Ã¥ ¤â€¢Ã¦â€" ¹Ã£  ¾Ã£  §Ã¦Ë† »Ã£â€šÅ Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œHe/she wont be back till this evening.Nanika otsutae shimashou ka. ä ½â€¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£ Å Ã¤ ¼ Ã£ Ë†Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â€"ょ㠁†ã â€¹Can I take a message?Onegaishimasu. 㠁Šé ¡ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Yes, please.Iie, kekkou desu. 㠁„㠁„㠁ˆç µ Ã¦ §â€¹Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢No, its O.K.O-denwa kudasai to otsutae negaemasu ka. 㠁Šé› »Ã¨ © ±Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¨Ã£ Å Ã¤ ¼ Ã£ Ë†Ã© ¡ËœÃ£ Ë†Ã£  ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Could you please ask him/her to call me?Mata denwa shimasu to otsutae kudasai. 㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã©â€º »Ã¨ © ±Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£  ¨Ã£ Å Ã¤ ¼ Ã£ Ë†Ã£  Ã£   Ã£ â€¢Ã£ â€žCould you please tell him/her Ill call back later? To Somebodys Home Tanaka-san no otaku desu ka. ç” °Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ®Ã£ Å Ã¥ ®â€¦Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Is that Mrs. Tanakas residence?Hai, sou desu. 㠁 ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£  Ã£ â€ Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Yes, it is.Ono desu ga, Yuki-san (wa) irasshaimasu ka. Ã¥ ° Ã©â€¡Å½Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ Å'ゆ㠁 Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œÃ£  ¯Ã£ â€žÃ£â€šâ€°Ã£  £Ã£ â€"ã‚Æ'㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹This is Ono. Is Yuki there?Yabun osokuni sumimasen. Ã¥ ¤Å"分é â€¦Ã£  Ã£  «Ã£ â„¢Ã£  ¿Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œIm sorry for calling so late.Dengon o onegaishimasu. ä ¼ Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã£â€šâ€™Ã£ Å Ã© ¡ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Can I leave a message?Mata atode denwa shimasu. 㠁 ¾Ã£ Å¸Ã¥ ¾Å'㠁 §Ã©â€º »Ã¨ © ±Ã£ â€"㠁 ¾Ã£ â„¢Ill call back later. How to Deal With a Misdial Iie chigaimasu. 㠁„㠁„㠁ˆé â€¢Ã£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â„¢No, you have called the wrong number.Sumimasen. Machigaemashita. 㠁™ã  ¿Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€ºÃ£â€šâ€œ éâ€"“é â€¢Ã£ Ë†Ã£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁ŸIm sorry. I have misdialed.

Ancestry of Albert Einstein - Family Tree

Ancestry of Albert Einstein - Family Tree Albert Einstein was born in the city of Ulm in Wurttemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879 into a non-observant Jewish family. Six weeks later his parents moved the family to Munich, where Einstein spent most of his early years. In 1894, Einsteins family moved to Pavia, Italy (near Milan), but Einstein chose to remain behind in Munich. In 1901 Albert Einstein received his diploma from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich, as well as Swiss citizenship. In 1914, he returned to Germany as director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute in Berlin, a position he held until 1933. After Hitlers rise to power, life for professional Jews in Germany became very uncomfortable. Albert Einstein and his wife, Elsa, moved to the United States and settled in Princeton, New Jersey. In 1940 he became a US citizen. Professor Albert Einstein is best known for his special (1905) and general (1916) theories of relativity. First Generation 1. Albert EINSTEIN was born on 14 March 1879 in Ulm, Wurttemberg, Germany, to Hermann EINSTEIN and Pauline KOCH. On 6 January 1903 he married his first wife, Mileva MARIC in Berne, Switzerland, with whom he had three children: Lieserl (born out of wedlock in Jan 1902); Hans Albert (born 14 May 1904) and Eduard (born 28 July 1910). Mileva and Albert divorced in February 1919 and a few months later, on 2 June 1919, Albert married his cousin, Elsa EINSTEIN. Second Generation (Parents) 2. Hermann EINSTEIN was born on 30 August 1847 in Buchau, Wurttemberg, Germany and died on 10 October 1902 in Milan, Friedhof, Italy. 3. Pauline KOCH was born on 8 February 1858 in Canstatt, Wurttemberg, Germany and died on 20 February 1920 in Berlin, Germany. Hermann EINSTEIN and Pauline KOCH were married on 8 August 1876 in Canstatt, Wurttemberg, Germany and had the following children:    1 i. Albert EINSTEIN ii. Marie Maja EINSTEIN was born on 18 November 1881 in Munich, Germany and died on 25 June 1951 in Princeton, New Jersey. Third Generation (Grandparents) 4. Abraham EINSTEIN was born 16 April 1808 in Buchau, Wurttemberg, Germany and died on 21 November 1868 in Ulm, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. 5. Helene MOOS was born on 3 July 1814 in Buchau, Wurttemberg, Germany and died in 1887 in Ulm, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. Abraham EINSTEIN and Helene MOOS married on 15 April 1839 in Buchau, Wurttemberg, Germany, and had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i. August Ignaz EINSTEIN b. 23 Dec 1841 ii. Jette EINSTEIN b. 13 Jan 1844 iii. Heinrich EINSTEIN b. 12 Oct 1845 2   iv. Hermann EINSTEIN v. Jakob EINSTEIN b. 25 Nov 1850 vi. Friederike EINSTEIN b. 15 Mar 1855 6. Julius DERZBACHER was born on 19 February 1816 in Jebenhausen, Wurttenberg, Germany and died in 1895 in Canstatt, Wurttemberg, Germany. He took the surname KOCH in 1842. 7. Jette BERNHEIMER was born in 1825 in Jebenhausen, Wurttemberg, Germany and died in 1886 in Canstatt, Wurttemberg, Germany. Julius DERZBACHER and Jette BERNHEIMER were married in 1847 and had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Fanny KOCH was born 25 Mar 1852 and died in 1926. She was the mother of Elsa EINSTEIN, second wife of Albert EINSTEIN. ii. Jacob KOCH iii. Caesar KOCH 3   iv. Pauline KOCH Next Fourth Generation (Great Grandparents)    Albert Einstein Family Tree, Generations 1-3 Fourth Generation (Great Grandparents) 8.  Rupert EINSTEIN  was born on 21 July 1759 in Wurttemberg, Germany and died on 4 April 1834 in Wurttemberg, Germany. 9.  Rebekka OVERNAUER  was born on 22 May 1770 in Buchau, Wurttenberg, Germany and died on 24 Feb 1853 in Germany. Rupert EINSTEIN and Rebekka OBERNAUER were married on 20 Jan 1797 and had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Hirsch EINSTEIN b. 18 Feb 1799 ii. Judith EINSTEIN b. 28 May 1802 iii. Samuel Rupert EINSTEIN b. 12 Feb 1804 iv. Raphael EINSTEIN b. 18 Jun 1806. He was the grandfather of Elsa EINSTEIN, Alberts second wife. 4   v. Abraham EINSTEIN vi. David EINSTEIN b. 11 Aug 1810 10.  Hayum MOOS  was born about 1788 11.  Fanny SCHMAL  was born about 1792. Hayum MOOS and Fanny SCHMAL were married and had the following children: 5 i.   Helene MOOS 12.  Zadok Loeb DOERZBACHER  was born in 1783 in Dorzbach, Wurttemberg, Germany and died 1852 in Jebenhausen, Wurttemberg, Germany. 13.  Blumle SINTHEIMER  was born in 1786 in Jebenhausen, Wurttemberg, Germany and died in 1856 in Jebenhausen, Wurttemberg, Germany. Zadok DOERZBACHER and Blumle SONTHEIMER were married and had the following children: 6 i.   Julius DERZBACHER 14.  Gedalja Chaim BERNHEIMER  was born in 1788 in Jebenhausen, Wurttenberg, Germany and died in 1856 in Jebenhausen, Wurttenberg, Germany. 15.  Elcha WEIL  was born in 1789 in Jebenhausen, Wurttemberg, Germany and died in 1872 in Goppingen, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany. Gedalja BERNHEIMER and Elcha WEIL were married and had the following children: 7 i.   Jette BERNHEIMER Next  Ã‚  Fifth Generation (Great Great Grandparents)    Albert Einstein Family Tree, Generation 4 Fifth Generation (Great Great Grandparents) 16.  Naftali EINSTEIN  was born about 1733 in Buchau, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany 17.  Helene STEPPACH  was born about 1737 in Steppach, Germany. Naftali EINSTEIN and Helene STEPPACH were married and had the following children: 8   i. Naftali EINSTEIN 18.  Samuel OBERNAUER  was born about 1744 and died 26 Mar 1795. 19.  Judith Mayer HILL  was born about 1748. Samuel OBERNAUER and Judith HILL were married and had the following children: 9   i. Rebekka OBERNAUER 24.  Loeb Samuel DOERZBACHER  was born about 1757. 25.  Golies  was born about 1761. Loeb DOERZBACHER and Golies were married and had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Samuel Loeb DERZBACHER was born 28 Jan 1781 12 ii. Zadok Loeb DERZBACHER 26.  Leob Moses SONTHEIMER  was born in 1745 in Malsch, Baden, Germany and died in 1831 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany. 27.  Voegele JUDA  was born in 1737 in Nordstetten, Wurttemberg, Germany and died in 1807 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany. Loeb Moses SONTHEIMER and Voegele JUDA were married and had the following children: 13   i. Blumle SONTHEIMER 28.  Jakob Simon BERNHEIMER  was born 16 Jan 1756 in Altenstadt, Bayern, Germany and died 16 Aug 1790 in Jebenhausen, Wurttemberg, Germany. 29.  Leah HAJM  was born 17 May 1753 in Buchau, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany and died 6 Aug 1833 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany. Jakob Simon BERNHEIMER and Leah HAJM were married and had the following children:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   i. Breinle BERNHEIMER b. 1783 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany ii. Mayer BERNHEIMER b. 1784 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany 14 iii. Gedalja BERNHEIMER iv. Abraham BERNHEIMER b. 5 Apr 1789 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany d. 5 Mar 1881 in Goppingen, Baden-Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany. 30.  Bernard (Beele) WEIL  was born 7 Apr 1750 in Dettensee, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany and died 14 Mar 1840 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany. 31.  Roesie KATZ  was born in 1760 and died in 1826 in Jebenhausen, Wà ¼rttemberg, Germany. Bernard WEIL and Roesie KATZ were married and had the following children: 15   i. Elcha WEIL

Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay Essays

Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay Essays Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay Paper Redemption in The Kite Runner Essay Paper Essay Topic: The Kite Runner It is merely natural for worlds to do errors. merely like Amir in the novel The Kite Runner. but it is how the errors are resolved that will order 1s destiny. The chief character of The Kite Runner. Amir. knows a thing or two about doing errors. What he struggles with throughout the novel is happening salvation for those errors. Throughout all phases of Amir’s life. he is endeavoring for salvation. Whether Amir is stating the incorrect thing or concealment from a hurtful truth. he ever finds new things he will hold to deliver himself for. That is why salvation is a immense underlining subject in The Kite Runner. When Amir is a kid. he feels his male parent blames him for his mother’s decease and can non love him. He does everything he can believe of to seek and do up for the errors he made in the yesteryear. Since Amir feels his male parent does non love him. he thinks of ways to do things right with him. Amir sees Baba as a perfect higher presence that he could neer am ount to. When the kite running competition comes around he takes this chance to turn out to his male parent that he can be more of an â€Å"ideal† boy to Baba. finally acquiring salvation for everything his male parent has non approved of. Amir sees Baba as a perfect male parent figure because everyone looks up to him. Amir could neer populate up to Baba’s outlooks of him and that is where the subject of salvation comes to play between these two characters. Although Amir impresses his male parent by winning the kite running competition. he ends the twenty-four hours by aching his best friend in a awful manner and one twenty-four hours he will hold to happen a manner to do up for it. Amir and Hassan are two inseparable kids. but their relationship is unusual because Hassan is Amir’s retainer. Amir is neer really nice to Hassan. but Hassan would neer turn his dorsum on Amir. This is apparent when he says. â€Å"For you a thousand times over† . Amir makes a immense er ror one twenty-four hours by aching Hassan and it takes a really long clip for him to happen a manner to deliver himself. The kit running competition was supposed to be the best twenty-four hours of Amir’s life. He would win. and gain his dad’s unconditioned love one time and for all. but things are non ever as they seem. Although Amir did win the competition. something went really incorrect. Hassan will ever hold Amir’s back. until the twenty-four hours he dies he would make anything for him. When Amir cut the last Kite down from the sky. Hassan decided to run it. Assef and his two friends didn’t precisely want Hassan to convey the kite back to Amir. Amir is a really evil immature male child and since Hassan would make anything for Amir. he refuses to manus the kite over to Assef. Hassan’s concluding act of courage consequences in his colza and Amir’s following large error. Amir watches Assef and his friends rape Hassan. but he does nil to assist his friend. Amir goes many old ages cognizing this information but neer tells anyone. but what goes about comes around. When everything eventually catches up with Amir. he is a adult adult male. Thingss in Amirâ⠂¬â„¢s life have eventually settled down. but now the yesteryear is brought back up ; he must travel happen salvation one time more. Amir survived his childhood. made a good life for himself and marries a beautiful Afghan adult female named Soraya. One thing Amir is deprived of in his life is the ability to hold kids. Amir’s inability to hold kids could perchance be looked at as coincidental or symbolic to him doing damagess for his past errors and scruples. Amir receives a phone call from his father’s old friend Rahim Khan. Although Rahim is deceasing. he asks Amir to come visit him in Afghanistan. Amir shortly realizes that the chief ground Rahim Khan asked him to see was non to see him before he died. but because Rahim wants to assist Amir win in making his concluding salvation. Rahim Khan has known about the kite running competition for Amir’s full life. and he has a manner for him to seek and put things right. Hassan. who is dead now. has a boy. but he is an orphan male child. The Taliban has taken over Afghanistan and they killed Hassan and his married woman in cold blood. Sohrab. who is Hassan’s boy. has been taken by the Taliban as payment for the orphanhood. Rahim Khan puts Amir up to the challenge of traveling to happen Sohrab and giving him a proper place. He states. â€Å"I have a manner to do things right again† . In order for Amir to deliver his yesteryear with Hassan. he must travel and happen Sohrab. who is the ultimate symbol of salvation in Amir’s life. Finding Sohrab was Amir’s greatest achievement. it was the ultimate salvation for all the evil and unfair things that have haunted his yesteryear. Amir fails to stand up for himself and others. as a kid. As an grownup. he redeems his uncourageous yesteryear by puting it right with the aid of some really close household members. Amir goes through many phases in his life. but he ever seems to be delivering himself for something. Sometimes life seems to work out in the terminal. and the hunt for salvation may non ever be easy. as witnessed in Amir’s instance. However. a strong will and finding can assist steer the route to salvation and possible forgiveness.

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism Essay

The Difference between the Third Way and Socialism - Essay Example It has information about Western Europe and Anglo American world. This can include thoughts from western philosophers like Kant, Marx Hegel,Heder , Hobbes, Rousseau and miller. It has ideas and thoughts about industrial revolution in 19th century .In modern political ideas, new political theories and definitions are explored and explained. Modern political ideas suggest that the glimpse shown by social philosophers are more or less unreal and exaggerated. In order to portray political philosophies more realistically, practical matters must be included in them. If we go little deeper into Modern political ideas we can analyze two concepts namely; Third Way and socialism. It is necessary to understand these two concepts in order to analyze or interpret them. These two ideas are separate still share a common link to each other. According to BBC(1999)â€Å"Put at its most basic the third way is something different and distinct from liberal capitalism with its unswerving belief in the me rits of the free market and democratic socialism with its demand management and obsession with the state†. ... It emphasizes on responsibility, obligation and de-centralizing government while giving less importance to income re- distribution. As per Mercer (2005)â€Å"On the world stage, socialism has reinvented itself successfully and has surfaced in the guise of the vaunted Third Way whose main apparatchiks are the Clintons, the pair from Cool Britannia and the German Chancellor, Gerhard Schroeder†. The third way is a middle path where the government will tread on in order to escape the liberal attitude of socialist principles and capitalism view of industrialists. This is a successful method of governing people as citizens will get ownership to property as well as freedom to act on their own. They can also govern themselves regarding their capabilities, rights, property ownership and responsibilities in society. The ideas and principles of third way is not accurate, hence their specification is difficult. There are arguments that third way politicians speak on a double standards. Th e relation of third way with socialism Socialism has reinvented successfully in the new age and new socialist concepts are bandwagon into third way politics. The concepts of third way politics are adhered by social democrats to formulate third way social democracy. The third way democracy proponents argue that it is not socialism and it is â€Å"competition capitalism†. By accepting capitalism the new right is representing social democrats. There is something called centralized socialism and decentralized socialism. However centralized socialism is traditional and decentralized socialism needs to be taken over by the former. The association of state ownership and social ownership has an automatic association and it is followed by traditional

Walt Disney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Walt Disney - Essay Example Combining all these aspects will create better perspectives that can be used for future decision-making. First, the marketing capabilities of Walt Disney are a critical asset that translates short-term and long-term benefits. In particular, the brand name Walt Disney is considered as one of the most recognisable names in the market. It has been observed that the company has successfully attracted the market composed of consumers aged 12 years old and below. Indeed, the strategy of enticing children is an effective instrument in expanding the market. For instance, parents are likely to go with their children in acquiring the services offered by Walt Disney theme parks. Second, the decision to expand the operations of Disneyland to Hong Kong has some perceived weaknesses. As mentioned previously, Walt Disney has suffered consecutive setbacks in its overall operations. Despite the growth in the theme park sector, the company is still burdened by the lack of financial flexibility caused by the decline in revenues. Third, the market in Hong Kong provides several potentials including the possibility of encompassing the market in Mainland China. With its sheer population, China has the capacity to improve the attendance in Disneyland. In addition, the clients based from other Southeast Asian countries make the proposition more lucrative. The projected annual increase in attendance will assure growth revenues. Apart from the ticket sales, Walt Disney merchandises including the other products will be easily sold. The strength of the market of China and the improving economy will eventually boost the spending power of Chinese and will result to increase in visitors. Finally, establishing... After discussing the salient points that were assumed, it is important to provide a solution to the main problem. As stated, the concern of Walt Disney before pursuing the investment is on risk minimization and benefit maximization. The analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats sums up the suggested methods. In maximizing the benefits of the project, it is important to consider the strengths and opportunities of the company. The brand name that Walt Disney has nurtured will be conspicuous once the investment is manifested. Identification is the first step towards recognition and experimentation. Similarly, the potentials of the forecasted increase in attendance have to inspire Walt Disney to expand its services and embrace the other needs of the customers in theme parks. In minimizing the risk, Walt Disney has to be adept in translating the weaknesses and threats to positive drivers. First, the lack of financial flexibility has to drive the company towards securing better financial loans and advantageous partnerships. Without the needed resources, the company can still make the investment possible through the efficient allocation of resources. Second, the impending threat caused by the government can be neutralized by forging win-win deals with the government. This has to be done without curtailing the function of the government to protect the consumers. With some positive forecasts and government intervention, Disneyland Hong Kong is only a few years away. Contrary to the popular notion, the presence of potentials provides no guarantees to success. In fact, the situation becomes more complicated and thorough and critical analysis of the situation is required.

Hershey's Sweet Mission Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hershey's Sweet Mission - Term Paper Example This paper analyses the given case; Hershey’s Sweet Mission in terms of relevant human resource management theories. Recommendation for the redesign of Hershey’s performance management system to appeal to the diverse groups that it employs According to Lindbom (2007), â€Å"the foundation for effective performance management is the importance of including people development as part of the long-term strategic plan of an organization† (p.103). The contributions of the older employees are as important as the contributions of the younger employees. Hershey’s performance management system is giving more focus to the interests of younger employees. The case says that Hershey’s performance management system is appealing to the younger generations’ eagerness for challenge, autonomy, and results. At the same time, it says nothing about the contributions of baby boomers or old age employees. The contributions of young and elder employees are equally im portant for an organization. Hershey should realise this fact very well and should give more considerations to the contributions of the elder employees also. It should be noted that the fresh ideas brought by the younger employees need some fine-tuning from the experienced ones before its implementation. Knowledge management theory says that an organization’s performance is heavily dependent on the knowledge of its workforce. Experienced workers definitely have knowledge that is more practical even though fresh workers may have more theoretical knowledge. Both theory and practice are important for an organization like Hershey. So, Hershey should recognize the needs of the experienced workers as important as that of the fresh workers. Armstrong-Stassen and Templer (2005) argue that, although there are many training programs for older worker, it is important to take into account the experience of the older employees and redesign the training and the method accordingly (p.57). M odern organizations like Hershey often gives more emphasize to the needs of younger employees while formulating training programs. Moreover, these training programs often cater the needs of local employees. Since Hershey employs employees from different parts of the world, its training programs should give more focus to the needs of the diverse workforce. Lee (2005) stresses the importance of future-oriented performance management and evaluation system (p.53). Hershey should redefine its performance management system by giving more focus to future rather than present. How I would interpret the values that Hershey embraces in relation to my role, if I was a Hershey’s employee With regard to employees, Hershey’s mission statement says that the mission involves â€Å"winning with an aligned and empowered organization . . . while having fun.† Moreover, â€Å"Aligned† employees should share values, be clear about how their work contributes to the organizationà ¢â‚¬â„¢s mission, collaborate effectively, and be selected, equipped, and rewarded for meeting company objectives. If I was an employee in Hershey, I should work in accordance with the mission statement of Hershey. In other words, I should make sure that all the activities performed by me are in line with the vision and mission statement of Hershey. I should give more focus to the company objectives instead of my own personal preferences. For example, If Hershey asks me to

Difficulties of HR in managing multicultural workforce Essay

Difficulties of HR in managing multicultural workforce - Essay Example Team cohesiveness and task identity were predictors of collaborative problem solving and productivity for R & D teams (Dailey, 1978). Cooperation and collaboration is essential for team success.† Paraphrasing The author suggests that the negative aspects of a culturally diverse team can be reduced by ensuring that team members are not frequently changed. If team members stay together for an elongated period of time then they begin to understand each others’ style of working and know what to expect from the other individual. Team members tend to start cooperating with each other (irrespective of their cultural differences) if they stay together in the same team. The authors stated that team cooperation and collaboration are important elements for any team’s success. Commentary This paragraph is important for the chosen research topic as it highlights an important technique that can be useful to make teams more productive and successful. Many organizations do not fo llow this approach and have no awareness about the importance of keeping team members in the same team structure. This approach can reduce many difficulties for the HR department since instances of lack of coordination between team members can be significantly reduced with this approach. Source: Tilker, Lutz. â€Å"Managing diversity†, SpencerStuart, 2004. ... Diversity management helps to recruit and retain staff because companies take account of the different circumstances of current and potential employees. It strengthens innovation because diversity produces more creativity. And it improves the corporate image because diversity reflects important social values. Paraphrasing The author explains that effective cultural diversity management can prove to increase revenues and corporate value for the company. The improvement in business is due to the provision of better customer service and meeting their requirements in a fitting manner. The author quoted a research of another researcher, who stated that companies with better diversity management techniques are known to be more successful. Such companies are able to understand the problems of existing and new employees therefore they are able to retain more employees than other companies. The author also agreed that diversity promotes creativity in the business processes of the organization and it also helps to attain a positive image for the company. Commentary This paragraph is important for the research since it points out the benefits of embracing multicultural workforces in organizations. Some of the appealing benefits are increased profits, better image of the company and promotion of creativity. This research finding will support the benefits in the research study. Source: Chartered Institute of Personnel and development, â€Å"Managing diversity measuring success†, Change Agenda, 2005. For a multinational corporation, having workforce diversity may help it to be better at dealing with the diverse cultures it operates in and to design and implement strategies to improve market penetration and product differentiation through greater

Marketing- Mission statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Marketing- Mission statement - Essay Example er in doing so shall take a real life situation and an internationally known company to analyse how it has used its mission statement in the various marketing management strategies and tactics. A mission statement being the statement that highlights briefly the overall direction that the company wishes to take, stands to be respected and therefore in coming up with it serious consultations should be made as it is to either sell the company’s image or put it at risk forcing the management to change it at some point (Shee & Abratt 1989). The sole aim of having a mission statement is to have the direction that the company is taking clearly set out for both all the stakeholders to know and above all, understand (Leuthesser & Kohli 1997). It has to be brief and to the point giving the intended message using simple but coherent words. It gives the purpose of the company and this is the top line rather than the bottom line. This statement need also to be broad in scope as it stipulates both the short term as well as the long term intent of the company. It should resound to the clients and other people who may be in a position to deal with it and give them the reasons to do so (Knights & Willmott 1992). It is clear that the aim of a business it to make profit as the key purpose but the mission statement is to show how the company in rather general and indirect means aims at going about it. This statement has three distinct parts which are: the business statement, purpose statement and lastly the statement of values held by the company (Leuthesser & Kohli 1997). For the purpose part, the statement shows what the company’s purpose is in explicit terms, the business portion indicates how this purpose will be fulfilled while the value part tells of what values are commonly upheld in the company and their contribution to the business. A mission statement as earlier mentioned need to be carefully developed to reflect the above mentioned areas with clarity. There are

Difficulties of HR in managing multicultural workforce Essay

Difficulties of HR in managing multicultural workforce - Essay Example Team cohesiveness and task identity were predictors of collaborative problem solving and productivity for R & D teams (Dailey, 1978). Cooperation and collaboration is essential for team success.† Paraphrasing The author suggests that the negative aspects of a culturally diverse team can be reduced by ensuring that team members are not frequently changed. If team members stay together for an elongated period of time then they begin to understand each others’ style of working and know what to expect from the other individual. Team members tend to start cooperating with each other (irrespective of their cultural differences) if they stay together in the same team. The authors stated that team cooperation and collaboration are important elements for any team’s success. Commentary This paragraph is important for the chosen research topic as it highlights an important technique that can be useful to make teams more productive and successful. Many organizations do not fo llow this approach and have no awareness about the importance of keeping team members in the same team structure. This approach can reduce many difficulties for the HR department since instances of lack of coordination between team members can be significantly reduced with this approach. Source: Tilker, Lutz. â€Å"Managing diversity†, SpencerStuart, 2004. ... Diversity management helps to recruit and retain staff because companies take account of the different circumstances of current and potential employees. It strengthens innovation because diversity produces more creativity. And it improves the corporate image because diversity reflects important social values. Paraphrasing The author explains that effective cultural diversity management can prove to increase revenues and corporate value for the company. The improvement in business is due to the provision of better customer service and meeting their requirements in a fitting manner. The author quoted a research of another researcher, who stated that companies with better diversity management techniques are known to be more successful. Such companies are able to understand the problems of existing and new employees therefore they are able to retain more employees than other companies. The author also agreed that diversity promotes creativity in the business processes of the organization and it also helps to attain a positive image for the company. Commentary This paragraph is important for the research since it points out the benefits of embracing multicultural workforces in organizations. Some of the appealing benefits are increased profits, better image of the company and promotion of creativity. This research finding will support the benefits in the research study. Source: Chartered Institute of Personnel and development, â€Å"Managing diversity measuring success†, Change Agenda, 2005. For a multinational corporation, having workforce diversity may help it to be better at dealing with the diverse cultures it operates in and to design and implement strategies to improve market penetration and product differentiation through greater

Synthesis paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Synthesis - Research Paper Example For a fact, autism is a complex condition that can never be associated with a particular factor. Rather, several factors contribute to a seemingly increase in the level of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) as seen in recent decades (Neal A et al., 2000). It is also true that the confusion existing about the causes of autism in the public domain has made primary care for patients with autism very challenging. Through critical analysis, the lack of information has caused the understanding of causes and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) challenging. This is evident in the current prevalence of autism particularly in post-industrialized nations. Another confusion that has dragged the efforts into the understanding of the condition is the existing doubts about the safety of MMR triple vaccine, is due to the fact that the single antigen vaccines has never been a concern of many health professionals. One can argue that that squabble falls because many ignore the safety of the single antigen vaccines. The lack of awareness of the correlation between MMR and autism in children can be attributed to the scientific evidence that is inadequate to many health care providers and an inability to judge MMR validity. In this regard, (Sengupta et al., 2004) advices that it is important that the various health professionals take this challenge and know all they are required to regarding autism. This according to their article would not only benefit them professionally but as well help them whenever they are advising parents of their clients. In a nutshell, the article explores the background to, and implications of, the confusion that MMR triple vaccine causes the autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studying of autism on a broader perspective not only help in isolating the cause but likewise assist during diagnosis and treatment. Such a perspective is critical bearing in mind the tremendous increase in autism

Ethical behavior principle Essay Example for Free

Ethical behavior principle Essay The behavior of each and every person is control by moral and the guiding principles. This is normally portrayed in our daily usual acts, and hence shaping of our ethical behavior is critical in the making sound decision and upholds the trust of the public. A successful business is only possible if there is a strong and profound held value. Most companies will set up strategy of coming up with the required values in order to attract their prospective clients, manage their workers, and attained the expected development of the company. The guiding principles of ethical behaviors which these companies will struggle to uphold are based on the values. According to American Psychological Association, (1953) these values include beneficence and nonmaleficence, fidelity and responsibility, integrity, justice, respects for people’s rights, and dignity. Coordination and active participation of the workers will be of great importance in attracting the attention of the clients. In any organization, leaders will continually strive to ensure that their company achieved its standard. Their main aim is to make sure that the rights of the employees are taken care of, and that the company in general performs well at all cost. In order to achieve this, their actions will be guided by the ethical values which will assist them in the decision making processes (Leal, 1998).

Modifying Consumer Behaviour Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay

Modifying Consumer Behaviour Sustainable Development Environmental Sciences Essay The use of plastic bags warrants attention in the sustainable consumption debate, especially when packaging accounts for a significant amount of the resources consumed and waste generated by our consumer lifestyles. Governments, retailers and manufacturers are striving to improve sustainability performance by finding ways to reduce plastic bag use. The authors have done sufficient research in providing a global perspective through approaches adopted by different countries in reducing their plastic use. For example, India banned the use of plastic bags while voluntary action is on the part of consumers and the business community to reduce plastic bag use in the UK. References obtained by the authors are credible and reliable as information was based on recent data and reputable sources. The authors also present a balanced view of both advantages and disadvantages of plastics bags. They are energy efficient to produce, cost-effective, convenient to store and easy to use. However, they have adverse impacts in terms of waste disposal and one significant problem is that plastic bags are non-biodegradable and take at least hundred years to decompose. When they break down in size, they kill marine animals which mistake the plastic bags for food and ingest them (Aldred, 2007). Plastic bags clog drainage systems and create pollution where discarded plastic bags float in oceans. Large amounts of money also have to be spent on cleaning up the plastic bags and the damages caused by them (Russo, 2012). However, the claim that many countries spend a substantial amount on cleaning up the plastic bags and the damages caused by them is not justified. In many cases, these claims are merely guesses by advocates instead of data based on actual studies, and cost is often thrown in as a justification after bans are enacted for political reasons (†¦). Science also does not support the fact that plastic bags do any genuine harm. Plastic bags end up doing less damage than other alternatives and the benefits that the bags offer far outweigh their cost. Independent studies also show that plastic bags are environmentally preferable to paper because plastic bags have a lighter environmental footprint than paper and when they are reused, they are preferable to the reusable plastic totes. In addition, current plastic bags use 70% less plastic than those of 20 years previously and account for less fuel to transport, fewer emissions than paper bags. Nevertheless, moderate reuse; plastic totes mad e from polypropylene are better for the environment even though plastic bags are a more environmentally friendly choice than paper bags and reusable totes. Due to the damaging environmental effects which plastic bags have, countries like Taiwan banned the use of plastics bags to reduce environmental issues such as litter and landfill. With a ban on plastic bags, funds would be redirected to infrastructures. Consumer demand shift toward other alternatives, creating more opportunities for entrepreneurs to come up with alternatives to plastic. Companies that manufacture reusable bags could also expand their product lines and create more jobs (..). However, research by †¦ revealed that banning of plastic bags would lead to an increase in paper bag production, resulting in a greater amount of methane being released in landfill. Other research also revealed that banning plastic bags does not help the environment as it increase carbon emissions and other environmental problems. Research by Lane showed that even though most of the waste in landfill sites comes from packaging, plastic bags form only a small fraction of the litter stream. They occupy lesser of the landfill space, leading to lesser greenhouse gases and pollution, as compared to wood and paper (British Retail Consortium News, 2007). I agree with the authors assumption that plastic-bag bans would not lead to a long-term solution in saving the environment. The use of materials and energy should not be restricted where only unnecessary use of plastic bags is avoided. Instead, there should be a sustainable use of everything which includes the reinforcement of public awareness and motivation to reduce, reuse and recycle (3Rs) to resolve environmental problems. Therefore, some countries like UK do not support an outright ban on plastic and seek other possible alternatives such as reusable totes or paper bags or having a tax imposed on plastic bags. Prendergast et al. (2001) found that consumers are more likely to reuse a paper bag an average of 2.7 times whereas a plastic bag will be reused 1.6 times and retaining a paper bag over a plastic bag leads to increased re-usage. However, alternatives such as reusable totes and paper bags have a worse effect on the environment than plastic bags. Plastic bags require 40 perce nt less energy than paper bags and that paper bag manufacturing creates 70 percent more air pollution and 50 percent more water pollution (†¦). Alternatives to plastic bags may not be practical because in many cases, efforts to increase bag recycling have shown minimal success to date (†¦). Furthermore, when governments outlaw plastic bags to encourage consumers to use other environmentally damaging products, more pollution is actually created. There might also be society and economic impacts on the less affluent in terms of employment loss, due to reduced plastic bag manufacturing Another possible alternative which the authors did not consider could be the recycling of plastic bags in recycling centers where plastic is melt and polymers are reused to carpets or clothes. However, plastic recycling has proven to be difficult to process mechanically as plastic bags are made of polyethylene where it is often labour intensive and cost intensive to sort plastic waste. A key assumption made by the authors is that plastic bags bans are beneficial for the environment. Therefore, the issue of banning plastic bags still remain a controversy as many variables are at play and the process of changing consumer behaviour in relation to plastic bag use can be a complex one. There are different perspectives as to how such consumption should be modified. For countries such as Bangladesh and India, flooding and public health concerns resulted in the use of legislation to ban the use of plastic bags. Plastic bag bans can prevent flooding in urban areas and human health problems. In the UK, voluntary action is on the part of consumers and the business community to reduce plastic bag use. Consumers are urged to reduce their use of plastic bags while manufacturers and retailers are expected to introduce measures to encourage consumers to act responsibly. Other countries like Italy, Ireland and Denmark prefer to impose tax to encourage consumers to reduce plastic bag use and taxes collected can help raise revenue for further environmental improvement. To conclude, the use of plastic bags have a great impact on sustainable consumption and changing consumer behavior through voluntary action, legislation banning the use of plastic bags, or taxing their use can make an effective contribution to a more sustainable future.

Social Justice Essay -- Liberation Theology

What is social justice and how does it relate to liberation theology? How do sin, love, grace, and human freedom affect social justice? What restricts freedom and social justice? And how does all of this play a role in the Kingdom of God? Social justice is a concept of a society in which every human being is treated justly, without discrimination based on financial status, race, gender, ethnicity, etc. Grace is a gift from God that we don’t deserve, which helps us choose the good, therefore it promotes social justice. On the other hand, sin, which can be regarded as a lack of love and care for â€Å"others,† distances us from social justice. Therefore, love and grace are essential aspects of social justice and without them there could be no social justice in the world. Liberation theologians, major supporters of social justice, have multiple elements in their beliefs that respond to major social justice issues such as: unfair distribution of wealth, goods and services; oppression of people based on gender, race, and ethnicity; and the unjustness of social structures and institutions towards the underprivileged. Lastly, the ends of God’s kingdom and the ends of social justice are one in the sa me: Humans acting out of love to serve and give everything to those less fortunate and in need. In this idea of social justice is the belief that every human is entitled to specific political, economic, social, and human rights. However, in reality many people are stripped of these rights, leaving them without power and privilege, in other words leaving them less than human. They are subject to political structures making decisions for them, which is unjust because political figures with power, acting on behalf of those without power, ... ...cial justice. Works Cited 1. Haughey, John C. The Faith That Does Justice: Examining the Christian Sources for Social Change. Broadway, New York: Paulist Press, 1977. 2. U.S. Catholic Conference. To Campaign for Justice. Washington, D.C.: The Bobbs Merrill Company, Inc., 1982 3. Gutierrez, Gustavo. A Theology of Liberation. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1971. 4. Cory, Catherine. Landry, David. â€Å"Augustine of Hippo.† The Christian Theological Tradition: Second Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003. 5. Boff, Leonardo. â€Å"On Development and Theology.† Introducing Liberation Theology. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1986 6. Dazet, Paul. Love Wins: God Hears the Cries of the Oppressed. January 15, 2008. 7. Wolff, Edward. â€Å"The Wealth Divide: The Growing Gap in the United States between the Rich and the Rest.†

How does Dickens present his views on education in hard times? :: Free Essay Writer

How does Dickens present his views on education in hard times? Hard times is set in the 1840’s in the North of England. It’s set at a time when Britain is changing dramatically because of the Industrial Revolution, which is mainly affecting this part of Britain. This revolution moved much of the work from the country into towns and cities, and small cramped villages were built around the factories and mills to house the workers. Dickens novel ‘hard times’ was set during this time. Dickens uses many techniques throughout the novel to show his views on education to his readers, the first of which is to create different characters, some of which contrast each other in different ways . Two of such Characters are Sissy Jupe and Bitzer. They differ in the ways they have been taught and the ways they see the education system. Bitzer is a model student, he has always strictly followed the system and been taught exactly how the system requires him to be taught. He is shown as lifeless and colourless, ‘the boy was so light-eyed and light-haired that the self-same rays appeared to draw out of him what little colour he ever possessed.’ This gives the effect that he has been drained of life and everything else but facts. When asked, Bitzer describes a Horse as a ‘Quadruped’ and ‘graminivorous’ and gives endless facts about the animal. Although this description is very factual and impressive, the use of long complex words and the amount of facts show that he has simply been taught these facts, and probably has never even seen a Horse. Sissy on the other hand does not understand how to factually define a Horse when asked, this is because she has been brought up with Horses all her life and they are too familiar and important to her just to be described in facts. This is one way that Dickens tries to show to his audience that this type of education is wrong, the teaching of bare facts limits the imagination of the student and a more practical way of teaching, like Sissy has had, would help the children understand the facts that they are being taught, instead of just learning them. Dickens also shows the characters of some of the staff at the school to make his views known. Mr Gradgrind is the first to be introduced, from the onset Dickens portrays him as ‘squared’ , both in his appearance and character, he reveals little about him apart from the fact he is rigid, and has little individuality. This is emphasized by the repletion of ‘square’ and ‘speaker’, and by this he is shown to

Google vs bing

Google and Bing are competing to be the most used and talked about search engine on the Internet. To hold this title means a great deal of wealth generated from a successful search engine. The more traffic a search engine generates, the more money It can produce In the forms of endorsements and advertisements. In reality, competition Is good for both companies as it forces both to continually make improvements and strive to develop the best possible product for the public.This competition is one of the driving forces of our free market economy oday. The company's history of Google has been around since the early 90's. It was created and started as a search engine by two grad students at Stanford who major in computer science and the company has grown extremely large since its first days in Susan WoJcicki's garage in Menlo Park. Today, Google controls the search engine landscape. A shared market survey carried out by Search Engine Land in March of 2012 found that Google controlled abo ut 66. 4 percent of the market.Never the less, this Is a enormous percentage and Google has used its success to take hance Into many different fields away from purely Just Its search engine. Some of these may Include: videos, social media, mapping, and even creating Its own operating system. As one of the biggest technology companies on the planet, Microsoft is no foreigner to adjusting to new trends in technology. Raiseing the majority of its success and resources with the uses Windows operation system, Microsoft decided to make its own search engines that have unfolded over the years.Its current version of a search engine website is Bing. This site is a revised version f Live Search which itself came from Windows Live Search and trails all the way back to MSN search, Bing was launched in 2009, and at first it focuses on having an interactive interface with focus on searches, maps, videos, and other interactive media. Considering that this search engine Is new to the search engine world, It Is gaining prompt momentum. According to the same market share survey from Search Engine Land from March 201 2, Bing currently controls 15. percent of the search engine market. Now and days both companies now find themselves In a battle for ho can make the latest development in the battle to control the online market. Though Google owns a much higher percent of the market, Bing is gaining momentum and is now Google's greatest competition. For the two companies that own these search engines, there are billions of dollars of resources at both the company's fingertips for improvement, research, and development of their products.The two companies have both attempted to make use of the social media in their continuing struggle for power, and their results are on a different path. Google has tried to start its own social media site. Google plus has linked up to Google and the company has embraced a multitude of features so the two sites can run and mesh together effectively. Mic rosoft went on to Join with an outside social media site. Bing has an exclusive relationship with the social media giant Facebook. The reality of this different strategy favors Bing because the popularity of Facebook Is far bigger than Google plus.As a result of this, Bing will likely continue to grow in popularity Decause 0T I users. Another area of competition that has affected the operation of the companies is the actual power of the search engines they are promoting. Google's search algorithm gave revolution to the search engine world. It has been the driving force to the company's success. By Bing adopting the same search algorithm has to face an opponent with, most likely the best programming in the business. To compete the search engine, Bing launched an advertisement campaign that used the classic â€Å"taste test† strategy.The idea of this campaign was for users to blindly use the two websites ( like in the commercials) for a search and then choose which engine produ ced a better result. Unfortunately for Bing, this strategy backfired. Though they xpected to see more users prefer their search engine, the power of the Google algorithm won the battle. According to the International Business Times, Google â€Å"came out ahead in both cases, winning 3:2 in the first test and 4:1 in the second,† A final area that the two search engines compete is their marketing gimmick.Google is an oddity among companies. It has not put much of resources into its marketing. The news got around mostly by word of mouth. Bing, on the other hand, faces a different situation. As a new, emerging search engine, it will not likely gain the popularity Google has by simply word of mouth. One strategy Bing can use is to market the differences between the two companies. They can market their social media band instead of Just claiming to be a better search engine. Competition is one of the best parts about businesses in todays free market economy.It makes companies consta ntly improve their products. The battle is currently wrenching between Google and Bing is another example of this fact. Both these companies are trying to make their websites constantly better than the others. The use of creative improvements to the companies has provided for continuous beneficial growth of both companies. By breaking into social media, user interfacing, videos, maps, and more, the companies are providing the public with two easy and convenient options for their search engine needs.I believe in the future we will see a shift in the strategies from the current for both companies. Google will probably back off the social media push it has made and focus more on being a knowledge based search engine that is quick, easy, and reliable. Bing will take the route of expanding its social media connections and try to show that it is a more than a user-friendly system that is great for searching within these specific domains.

Ramadan & Eternal Child †Irma Stern Essay

Irma was fascinated with the Arab culture of East Africa and she frequently visited Zanzibar. Ramadan is considered a key painting in Irma’s career. She began depicting beauty in the atmosphere of the painting, rather than the external image of the subject matter. This work shows an elderly Arabic man sitting hunched over and praying. We see how calm and peaceful the Islamic man remains even though he sit amidst the hustle and bustle of a busy bazaar. Irma displays a feeling of spirituality & wisdom, as the man is shown as aged. The focal point is the old man’s white turban, and the large form of his body. The vertical composition of this work gives off the sense of strength. The foreground is mainly composed of the man’s body while the background is full of unidentifiable shapes representing the busy market crowds. The figures in this work are strongly outlined. Tonal values have been simplified, and natural, neutral colours have been used, which is rare due to Irma’s usual preference to bright, lucid use of colour. Loose, quick brush strokes have been used, connecting Irma’s work to that of an Expressionist. The Eternal Child, 1916 This work was one of very few with the subject of children that Irma painted. After her divorce in 1934 she showed very little maternal instinct in her artworks. The Eternal Child was the first painting that Irma did that clearly showed the change in her style of painting, and was done with oil paints on board. It shows her individualistic way of capturing the subject matter, which, in this case, is a young girl. Irma spotted this girl on German train, and she painting this figurative artwork from memory. This way she could interpret reality however she liked. Max Pechstein greatly applauded this work as he saw that the painting could evoke strong emotions and reactions from the viewer. The girl’s large head and small body indicates fragility, as do her small hands grasping flowers. Irma is showing the damage of war on the youth. Children are defenseless and afraid, yet hope glimmers in their eyes. The young girl’s eyes are wide and hopeful, as are the bright flowers. The focal point of The Eternal Child is the pink,  founded face of the girl. The tonal values of the painting greatly contrast, and the background colour is flat giving the work a lack of depth. In fact, all the colours in the work are flat leading the painting to be seen as two-dimensional, though the detail of the face does have depth.

Reducing Binge Drinking among Teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reducing Binge Drinking among Teens - Essay Example Since teenagers are the ones who decide the future of a nation, binge drinking habits should be regulated at any cost. Educating teenagers about the consequences of binge drinking, social norms marketing and alcohol screening for college students etc are some of the effective methods which can be utilized for reducing binge drinking among teenagers. School and college curriculum should be revised thoroughly to teenagers about the consequences of binge drinking. Prevention is better than cure. It is better to educate the teenagers before they start their binge drinking behaviour than treating them after they start their binge drinking habits. Hanson (2007) has mentioned that social norms marketing technique has repeatedly proven effective in reducing the use and abuse of alcohol among young people. â€Å"It’s based on the fact that the vast majority of youths tend to drink -- or drink more -- than they would otherwise, in an effort to â€Å"fit in† (Hanson, 2007). Youth s have a habit of spreading false data about the quantity of alcohol consumed by them in order to get recognition among peers. They often treat youths who consume more alcohol as heroes. In order to eliminate such false beliefs, it is better to convey them messages through social norms marketing. Internet, teenager’s favourite television programs, print media etc can be utilized for conveying the messages against binge drinking to the teenagers.

Assessment analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment analysis - Essay Example In the new expectations though, the items titled "Background" and "Statement of the problem" become one content item and the items titled "Purpose" and "Research questions" also become one content item. Also, the current first chapter has an additional content item titled "School Fighting using Deadly Weapons", whose content should exist as part of the first chapter's introduction described in the new expectations, and another item titled "Significance of the study", whose content should exist as part of the content item "Purpose and research questions" (2007, p. 3, 6). At the same time, the current first chapter lacks the item titled "Content of the action research study/project" which should come between the items "Purpose and research questions" and "Definitions of terms" (2007, p. 7-8). Regarding the order of content items in the first chapter, a difference can be seen. In the currently written chapter, the order is as follows: Assumptions, Delimitation, Definitions (of terms), and Summary, while in the new expectations, the order is as follows: Content of the action research study/project, Definitions of terms, and Summary.

Legal Issues of Business Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal Issues of Business Organizations - Essay Example The leave is only given because of three reasons; First, in case of birth or the employee has to take care of the employee’s eligible child or, when the employee has to provide foster care or adopt a child. Second, if the employee has to offer care to his/her immediate member of the family, including child, spouse and parent whose health condition is serious. Third, if the employee has to take care of own health condition that is serious according to the physician. During this period, the employee is not eligible to get his salary, but entitled to group health advantages. Considering the provisions, the twins were eligible children of the Employee A; he was entitled to a maximum leave of 12 weeks. As well, employee A’s spouse gave birth to twins prematurely, meaning that, it might have caused serious health complications. Therefore, he was obliged to stay with her as she recovered from her health condition. Since the Act provides for an employee to take care of spouseâ €™s health, the leave was justified. According to the Act, the leave is unpaid. Therefore, Employee A was wrong to request for the withheld salary. The manager acted within the legal requirement for not approving payment to the employee who was granted leave under such circumstances. In situation A, the act was not violated. Section B Analysis of situation B regarding the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 According to the provisions of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA), the employees who have reached 40 years, or older than that age are protected in the workplace (EEOC, B, 2008). It prohibits all forms employment discrimination in relation to the employee’s age. Under the act, it is illegal to discriminate the employee about his/her age from enjoying the privileges, terms and conditions of employment, such as hiring, compensation, firing, benefits, promotion, job assignments, layoff, and training (EEOC, B, 2008). The Act also provides that , the older employees should be favored with such employment privileges, terms and conditions, even if the practice would affect the junior workers, below the age of 40 years (EEOC, B, 2008). In addition, the Act prohibits retaliatory actions on the employees who are opposed to the discriminative practices on gender, or someone who has filed a discrimination petition on age factors, testified against such discriminatory acts, and investigating such practices (EEOC, B, 2008). Considering situation B, it was illegal to discriminate Employee B on employment promotion simply because he/she was 68 years. From the situational analysis, Employee B has been in the company of 42 years and his/her performance record was above average. This might be as a result of the long experience that he/she had in the company. Indeed, the employee seems to have mastered the ways of doing the work effectively, which resulted to exemplary performance. Therefore, promoting a younger worker whose performance was only adequate, because he/she was 32, years contravened the provisions of the Act. The management of the company should have favored the older employee because he was above average and the law protects them from all forms discrimination regarding the employees age. Precisely, the law

Photograhy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Photograhy - Research Paper Example All 200 images could be viewed through 8 pages of accessible links. As indicated in the brochure, â€Å"this major photographic exhibition is an ideal forum for photographers to exhibit and sell their work, reaching our very large community of art collectors, luxury consumers, corporate heads, civic leaders and very influential people who make up the Art of Photography Show audience† (About the Art of Photography Show 4). From the 200 images that where presented, one personally favored the two works shown above (â€Å"Sky High† by Kevin Cosma, and â€Å"Light reflecting off two mirrors† by Alexander Harding) due to their simplicity and uniqueness in capturing the images. As shown in â€Å"Sky High† the image could have been taken from a vantage point where the photographer could be situated in a lying position looking up. As such, the image of a young girl was actually shown in an inverse position, in broad daylight to capture the appropriate lighting technique. The background representing the cherry blossomed filled trees and the blue skies effectively complemented the image to portray the message intended. The other image shot by Harding was likewise simple and yet elegant. It uses the effectively interplay of dark and light elements through strategically positioning two mirrors in exact juxtaposition to capture the light rays. The background of dark and brown table top or flooring was likewise instrumental in putting emphasis on lighting. The photographer was located at the front of the images in slightly higher angle to capture the required lighting effect. In its simplicity, the beauty of the images could only be appreciated through learning the technqiues of effective and strategic positioning to capture the most appropriate angle needed. Overall, it is fortunate that the Art of Photography Show 2012 was accessible online to provide aspiring photographers and art enthusiasts in the area of photography to appreciate the best

Compare india and the middle east Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare india and the middle east - Essay Example According to International Energy Agency 95 percent of the world depend on for its financial security on decisions made by five or six nations in the Middle East. (Energy Agency Sets Grim Oil Forecast) India is known as the land of spirituality and philosophy. The main religion in India currently is Hinduism. About 80.5% of Indians are Hindus and 13% Muslims, Christians 2.3% Sikhs 1.9% Buddhist and Jains are below 1% (Religious Composition). The gentleness of the Indians has sustained till this time, regardless of the India is a collection of men and women of numerous castes and faith. It is a union of old traditional ethics and the contemporary ideologies. India is a secular nation by way of its Constitution. The freedom of worship for every citizen of India without any breeches or harms of any other’s religious philosophies. The Indian Social System is typically built on the Shared family System. The families are closely joined with Grandfathers, fathers, sons and grandsons sharing the similar essence, custom and assets.   The Indians are noted for their humanness and calm nature without any harshness in their principles and ideals. Gandhiji’s belief in Ahimsa ha s gained freedom for India worked miracles and provided praise for India in the global arena (Indian Culture). The Indian economy is the third major economies in the world and is going to grow further in coming years. As per the opinion of Goldman Sachs, the Global Investment Bank, by 2035 India would be the third biggest economy of the world (Indian Economy). Islam is the religion of the majority populace in the Middle East. The Jews and the various Christian groups were permitted to practice their belief and preserve their traditions and customs. In addition to the Christian and Jewish societies, there are number of distinct religiously demarcated sections in the region. Such factions had their origin in intra-Muslim religio-political

Scientific Method Essay Example for Free

Scientific Method Essay The scientific method has four steps 1. Observation and description of a phenomenon. The observations are made visually or with the aid of scientific equipment. 2. Formulation of a hypothesis to explain the phenomenon in the form of a causal mechanism or a mathematical relation. 3. Test the hypothesis by analyzing the results of observations or by predicting and observing the existence of new phenomena that follow from the hypothesis. If experiments do not confirm the hypothesis, the hypothesis must be rejected or modified (Go back to Step 2). 4. Establish a theory based on repeated verification of the results. The subject of a scientific experiment has to be observable and reproducible. Observations may be made with the unaided eye, a microscope, a telescope, a voltmeter, or any other apparatus suitable for detecting the desired phenomenon. The invention of the telescope in 1608 made it possible for Galileo to discover the moons of Jupiter two years later. Other scientists confirmed Galileos observations and the course of astronomy was changed. However, some observations that were not able to withstand tests of objectivity were the canals of Mars reported by astronomer Percival Lowell. Lowell claimed to be able to see a network of canals in Mars that he attributed to intelligent life in that planet. Bigger telescopes and satellite missions to Mars failed to confirm the existence of canals. This was a case where the observations could not be independently verified or reproduced, and the hypothesis about intelligent life was unjustified by the observations. To Lowells credit, he predicted the existence of the planet Pluto in 1905 based on perturbations in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. This was a good example of deductive logic. The application of the theory of gravitation to the known planets predicted that they should be in a different position from where they were. If the law of gravitation was not wrong, then something else had to account for the variation. Pluto was discovered 25 years later. Limitations of the Scientific Method Science has some well-known limitations. Science works by studying problems in isolation. This is very effective at getting good, approximate solutions. Problems outside these artificial boundaries are generally not addressed. The consistent, formal systems of symbols and mathematics used in science cannot prove all statements, and furthermore, they cannot prove all TRUE statements. Kurt Godel showed this in 1931. The limitations of formal logical systems make it necessary for scientists to discard their old systems of thought and introduce new ones occasionally. Newtons gravitational model works fairly well for everyday physical descriptions, but it is not able to account for many important observations. For this reason, it has been replaced by Einsteins general theory of relativity for most celestial phenomena. Instead of talking about gravity, we now are supposed to talk about the curvature of the four-dimensional time-space continuum. Scientific observations are also subject to physical limits that may prevent us from finding the ultimate truth. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously the position and momentum of an elementary particle. So, if we know the location of a particle we cannot determine its velocity, and if we know its velocity we cannot determine its location. Jacob Bronowski wrote that nature is not a gigantic formalizable system because to formalize it we would have to make some assumptions that cut some of its parts from consideration, and having done that, we cannot have a system that embraces the whole of nature. The application of the scientific method is limited to independently observable, measurable events that can be reproduced. The scientific method is also applicable to random events that have statistical distributions. In atomic chemistry, for example, it is impossible to predict when one specific atom will decay and emit radiation, but it is possible to devise theories and formulas to predict when half of the atoms of a large sample will decay. Irreproducible results cannot be studied by the scientific method. There was one day when many car owners reported that the alarm systems of their cars were set off at about the same time without any apparent cause. Automotive engineers were not able to discover the reason because the problem could not be reproduced. They hypothesized that it could have been radio interference from a passing airplane, but they could not prove it one way or another. Mental conceptual experiences cannot be studied by the scientific method either. At this time there is no instrumentation that enables someone to monitor what anybody else conceives in their mind, although it is possible to determine which part of the brain is active during any given task. It is not possible to define experiments to determine objectively which works of art are great, or whether Picasso was better than Matisse. So-called miracles are also beyond the scientific method. A person has tumors and faces certain death, and then, the tumors start shrinking and the person becomes healthy. What brought about the remission? A change in diet? A change in mental attitude? It is impossible to go back in time to monitor all variables that could have caused the cure, and it would be unethical to plant new tumors into the person to try to reproduce the results for a more careful study. Critical Thinking The scientific method relies on critical thinking, which is the process of questioning common beliefs and explanations to distinguish those beliefs that are reasonable and logical from those which lack adequate evidence or rational foundation. Arguments consists of one or more premises and one conclusion. A premise is a statement that is offered in support of a claim being made. Premises and claims can be either true or false. In deductive arguments the premises provide complete support for the conclusion. If the premises provide the required degree of support for the conclusion then the argument is valid, and if all its premises are true, then the conclusion must be true. In inductive arguments the premises provide some degree of support for the conclusion. When the premises of inductive arguments are true, their conclusion is likely to be true. Arguments that have one or more false premises are unsound. Fallacies Arguments are subject to a variety of fallacies. A fallacy is an error in reasoning in which the premises given for the conclusion do not provide the needed degree of support. A deductive fallacy is a deductive argument where the premises are all true but reach a false conclusion. An inductive fallacy consist of arguments where the premises do not provide enough support for the conclusion. In such cases, even if the premises are true, the conclusion is not likely to be true. Common fallacies are categorized by their type, such as Ad Hominem (personal attack), and appeals to authority, belief, fear, ridicule, tradition, etc. An example of an Ad Hominem fallacy would be to say You do not understand this because you are American (or Chinese, etc. . The national origin of a person (the premise) has nothing to do with the conclusion that a person can understand something or not, therefore the argument is flawed. Appeals to ridicule are of the form: You would be stupid to believe that the earth goes around the sun. Sometimes, a naive or false justification may be added in appeals to ridicule, such as we can plainly see the sun go around the earth every day. Appe als to authority are of the form The president of the United States said this, therefore it must be true. The fact that a famous person, great person, or authority figure said something is not a valid basis for something being true. Truth is independent of who said it. Types of Evidence Evidence is something that provides proof concerning a matter in question. Direct or Experimental evidence. The scientific methods relies on direct evidence, i. e. , evidence that can be directly observed and tested. Scientific experiments are designed to be repeated by other scientists and to demonstrate unequivocably the point that they are trying to prove by controlling all the factors that could influence the results. A scientist conducts an experiment by varying a single factor and observing the results. When appropriate, double blind experiments are conducted to avoid the possibility of bias. If it is necessary to determine the effectiveness of a drug, an independent scientist will prepare the drug and an inert substance (a placebo), identifying them as A and B. A second scientist selects two groups of patients with similar characteristics (age, sex, etc. ), and not knowing which is the real drug, administers substance A to one group of patients and substance B to the second group of patients. By not knowing whether A or B is the real drug, the second scientist focuses on the results of the experiment and can make objective evaluations. At the end of the experiment, the second scientist should be able to tell whether the group receiving substance A showed improvements over those receiving substance B. If no effect can be shown, the drug being tested is ineffective. Neither the second scientist nor the patients can cheat by favoring one substance over another, because they do not know which is the real drug. Anecdotal, Correlational, or Circumstantial Evidence. Where there is smoke, there is fire is a popular saying. When two things occur together frequently, it is possible to assume that there is a direct or causative relationship between them, but it is also possible that there are other factors. For example, if you get sick every time that you eat fish and drink milk, you could assume that you are allergic to fish. However, you may be allergic to milk, or only to the com bination of fish with milk. Correlational evidence is good for developing hypotheses that can then be tested with the proper experiments, e. g. drink milk only, eat fish only, eat fish and milk together. There is nothing wrong with using representative cases to illustrate an inductive conclusion drawn from a fair sample. The problem arises when a single case or a few selected cases are used to draw a conclusion which would not be supported by a properly conducted study. Argumentative Evidence consists of evaluating facts that are known and formulating a hypothesis about what the facts imply. Argumentative evidence is notoriously unreliable because anybody can postulate a hypothesis about anything. This was illustrated above with the example about the channels of Mars implying intelligent life. The statement I heard a noise in the attic, it must be a ghost also falls in this category. Testimonial Evidence. A famous football player appears on television and says that Drug-XYZ provides relief from pain and works better than anything else. You know that the football player gets paid for making the commercial. How much can you trust this evidence? Not very much. Testimonials are often biased in favor of a particular point of view. In court proceedings, something actually experienced by a witness (eyewitness information) has greater weight than what someone told a witness (hearsay information). Nevertheless, experiments have repeatedly demonstrated that eyewitness accounts are highly unreliable when compared with films of the events. The statement I saw a ghost last night. is an example of testimonial evidence that probably cannot be verified and should not be trusted. On the other hand, the statement I saw a car crash yesterday. can be objectively verified to determine whether it is true or false by checking for debris from the accident, hospital records, and other physical evidence. Make full use of your senses. Making use of your senses is the subjective part of the Methodology. This is the stage where your special sensory skills can be put to use. If you have extraordinary hearing, use it. If you have a photographic memory make sure that it gets used for most of your problem solving. Nobody else has your s pecific impressions of your environment. Your point of view and your observations are unique. Part of using your senses may involve using instrumentation or interaction with others. Lucky charms, divining rods, and other magical devices that do not have reproducible and verifiable functionality do not count as instrumentation. If you dont have perfect eyesight and you need to see something clearly, use your glasses. Make observations from several points of view to get good depth perception and to confirm impressions. Take photographs if you need to remember something in great detail. Use a tape recorder or a notepad to record your observations for later review. Make sure that your senses are at their best by avoiding intoxicants that affect your perceptions. Interaction with others may involve using another being (not necessarily human) to make the observations for you. For example, a blind person may use a seeing-eye dog to get around, a truck driver may use directions from someone else when backing up into a tight spot, a hunter may use a dogs sense of smell for tracking game, or a miner may use a canary to warn him of pockets of unbreathable odorless gases. Whenever you trust someone elses perception more than your own you may find that the conclusions that you reach are unsatisfactory. How many hunters have been led astray by dogs that followed a rabbits trail rather than the foxs? And how many truck drivers have crashed while backing up because they misinterpreted their helpers signals? Reliance on your own senses is the only way to avoid such problems, but you dont always have this choice. The application of logic may be necessary to determine which perceptions you can trust. Let us say that you are not under the influence of any drugs and you see an apparition of a dead person, what should you do? How do you distinguish hallucinations from real perceptions? How do you know if your senses fool you or if your observations are real? One time-honored test is to pinch yourself to make sure that you are not dreaming. If you should tell someone else about your experience and they dont observe the same things, does this mean that you are crazy or that something is wrong with you? Or does this prove that you have more refined perception that enables you to see things that others do not see? What would it be like to live in a world where only you have color vision and everyone else is colorblind? The difference between real perceptions and hallucinations is that you can repeat and reproduce results from real perceptions but not from hallucinations. In a world where you are the only person with color vision, you would eventually be able to prove to everyone else by objective means that colors, or at least different frequencies of light, do exist.